Questions: (produced by Dr. Paola, U. of Minnesota)
What is avulsion?
What do you think may cause an avulsion?

Questions: How does the channel change through time?

Climbing ripples: Gary Parker, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory, University of Minnesota (P. Heller)

Antidune formation: Gary Parker, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory, University of Minnesota (P. Heller)

Debris Flow: This video, which comes from the Japanese ministry, shows a dramatic two minutes, in real time, of a debris flow, with subordinant surge, moving down a stream channel. Note during the flow ground shaking causes the camera to jump around a bit, and at the end of the clip the camera, which is automated, is knocked about by debris (P.Heller).

Debris Flow: This movie is an edited version of the debris flow videotape compiled by John Costa of the U.S.G.S. (Water Resources Division) (P. Heller)

Wave bedding: sand waves and bedforms animation provided by David Rubin, U.S. Geological Survey (P. Heller)

Dune bedding: Climbing ripples (a.k.a. dunes) migrating from
lower left to upper right provided by David Rubin, U.S. Geological Survey (P. Heller).

Questions: (video produced by P. Heller)
Does each particle move along the same path?
What names could you use to describe the movement of particles?
If not what factors might cause the particles to move differently?

Oscillation (wave) Ripples: (video produced by Nikki Strong)

Questions:
Other than water, what force is changing this landscape?
Which force is most likely to be preserved as a sedimentary rock structure? Why?